{"id":5669,"date":"2021-07-26T14:57:26","date_gmt":"2021-07-26T08:57:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/?page_id=5669"},"modified":"2021-08-07T00:39:05","modified_gmt":"2021-08-06T18:39:05","slug":"animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/","title":{"rendered":"Animal Healthcare Hygiene &#038; Disinfection Chemicals"},"content":{"rendered":"<style id=\"kt-blocks_584f03-46\">#kt-layout-id_584f03-46{background-image:url('https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Animal-Health.jpg');background-size:auto;background-position:31% 0%;background-attachment:fixed;background-repeat:no-repeat;}#kt-layout-id_584f03-46 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:236px;padding-bottom:217px;max-width:900px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}#kt-layout-id_584f03-46 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.00;mix-blend-mode:overlay;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){#kt-layout-id_584f03-46 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:244px;padding-bottom:297px;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignfull\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_584f03-46\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-row-has-bg kt-layout-id_584f03-46\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-top kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_3df01d-25\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style id=\"kt-blocks_51f8d1-5e\">#kt-adv-heading_51f8d1-5e, #kt-adv-heading_51f8d1-5e .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_51f8d1-5e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_51f8d1-5e\"], .kadence-advanced-heading-wrapper .kt-adv-heading_51f8d1-5e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_51f8d1-5e\"]{text-align:center;font-size:2.8em;line-height:1.3em;font-weight:800;font-family:Montserrat;color:#ffffff;}#kt-adv-heading_51f8d1-5e mark, #kt-adv-heading_51f8d1-5e .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading mark, .kt-adv-heading_51f8d1-5e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_51f8d1-5e\"] mark{padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){#kt-adv-heading_51f8d1-5e, #kt-adv-heading_51f8d1-5e .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_51f8d1-5e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_51f8d1-5e\"], .kadence-advanced-heading-wrapper .kt-adv-heading_51f8d1-5e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_51f8d1-5e\"]{font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.3em;text-align:center!important;}}<\/style>\n<h1 class=\"kt-adv-heading_51f8d1-5e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_51f8d1-5e\">Animal Healthcare Hygiene &amp; Disinfection Chemicals<\/h1>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"kt-row-layout-bottom-sep kt-row-sep-type-ctd\"><svg style=\"fill:#ffffff\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\"><path d=\"M1000,0l-500,98l-500,-98l0,100l1000,0l0,-100Z\" style=\"opacity:0.4\"><\/path><path d=\"M1000,20l-500,78l-500,-78l0,80l1000,0l0,-80Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px;line-height:1.5\">What is animal hygiene?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Animal Hygiene is the branch of veterinary science, which relies on knowledge of physiological and ethological demands of animals, describes the preconditions of health preservation and investigates the pathophysiological changes brought about by adverse environmental effects to gain information on the aetiology and pathomechanism of multifactorial diseases.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\">Why is animal health important?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Monitoring&nbsp;<strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">animal health<\/span><\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;and preventing&nbsp;<em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><strong>animal<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/span><\/em>disease outbreaks is vital to the economy and safety of the country&#8217;s food supply. The production of&nbsp;<span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><em><strong>healthy<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/em><\/span>livestock helps to ensure a safe food supply and keep consumer prices stable.<\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_d22dae-66\">#kt-layout-id_d22dae-66 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-bottom:27px;padding-left:25px;padding-right:25px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignnone\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_d22dae-66\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-layout-id_d22dae-66\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-top kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_1d1917-bf\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5672\" width=\"653\" height=\"305\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/2.jpg 854w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/2-300x140.jpg 300w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/2-768x359.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 653px) 100vw, 653px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-2 kadence-column_8c7171-86\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/2-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5674\" width=\"328\" height=\"310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/2-1.jpg 450w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/2-1-300x283.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 328px) 100vw, 328px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\">Automatic Vehicles Disinfection<\/h1>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_834f85-41\">.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery ul.kb-gallery-id-_834f85-41 {margin: -5px;}.kb-gallery-id-_834f85-41 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item {padding:5px;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_834f85-41 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init {margin: 0 -5px;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_834f85-41 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .kb-slide-item, .kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel.kb-gallery-id-_834f85-41 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .kb-slide-item, .kb-gallery-type-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init:not(.slick-initialized) .kb-slide-item {padding: 4px 5px;}.kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel.kb-gallery-id-_834f85-41 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init.kb-carousel-mode-align-left .kb-slide-item {padding: 4px 10px 4px 0;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_834f85-41 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .slick-prev {left:5px;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_834f85-41 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .slick-next {right:5px;}.kb-gallery-id-_834f85-41.kb-gallery-ul.kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel .kt-blocks-carousel figure .kb-gal-image-radius, .kb-gallery-id-_834f85-41.kb-gallery-ul.kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel .kt-blocks-carousel figure .kb-gal-image-radius img {height:352px;}.kb-gallery-id-_834f85-41 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kb-gal-image-radius {border-radius: 8px 8px 8px 8px;}.kb-gallery-id-_834f85-41 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kb-gal-image-radius {box-shadow:2px 2px 11px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);}.kb-gallery-id-_834f85-41 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item:hover .kb-gal-image-radius {box-shadow:4px 2px 14px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);}.kb-gallery-id-_834f85-41 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption {background:linear-gradient( 0deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100% );font-size:16px;text-transform:capitalize;}.kb-gallery-caption-style-cover-hover.kb-gallery-id-_834f85-41 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption, .kb-gallery-caption-style-below.kb-gallery-id-_834f85-41 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption {background:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery kb-gallery-wrap-id-_834f85-41\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel kb-gallery-id-_834f85-41 kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-fluid-carousel kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"450\" data-slider-type=\"fluidcarousel\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"true\" data-slider-speed=\"2000\"><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/3-1.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/3-1.jpg\" width=\"380\" height=\"254\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/3-1.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/3-1.jpg\" data-id=\"5678\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/3-6\/\" class=\"wp-image-5678 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/3-1.jpg 380w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/3-1-300x201.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 380px) 100vw, 380px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\"> Automatic Vehicles Disinfection <\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4.jpg\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4.jpg\" data-id=\"5679\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/4-5\/\" class=\"wp-image-5679 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/4-768x461.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\"> Automatic Vehicles Disinfection <\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/6.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/6.jpg\" width=\"512\" height=\"288\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/6.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/6.jpg\" data-id=\"5677\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/6-5\/\" class=\"wp-image-5677 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/6.jpg 512w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/6-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\"> Automatic Vehicles Disinfection <\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/5.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/5.jpg\" width=\"643\" height=\"362\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/5.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/5.jpg\" data-id=\"5680\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/5-5\/\" class=\"wp-image-5680 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/5.jpg 643w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/5-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 643px) 100vw, 643px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\"> Automatic Vehicles Disinfection <\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\">Farm Animal Disinfection<\/h1>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_cc4b6f-0d\">.kb-gallery-id-_cc4b6f-0d.kb-gallery-ul.kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel .kt-blocks-carousel figure .kb-gal-image-radius, .kb-gallery-id-_cc4b6f-0d.kb-gallery-ul.kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel .kt-blocks-carousel figure .kb-gal-image-radius img {height:352px;}.kb-gallery-id-_cc4b6f-0d .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kb-gal-image-radius {border-radius: 10px 10px 10px 10px;}.kb-gallery-id-_cc4b6f-0d .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kb-gal-image-radius {box-shadow:4px 2px 14px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);}.kb-gallery-id-_cc4b6f-0d .kadence-blocks-gallery-item:hover .kb-gal-image-radius {box-shadow:4px 2px 14px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);}.kb-gallery-id-_cc4b6f-0d .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption {background:linear-gradient( 0deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100% );font-size:17px;line-height:19px;}.kb-gallery-caption-style-cover-hover.kb-gallery-id-_cc4b6f-0d .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption, .kb-gallery-caption-style-below.kb-gallery-id-_cc4b6f-0d .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption {background:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery kb-gallery-wrap-id-_cc4b6f-0d\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel kb-gallery-id-_cc4b6f-0d kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-fluid-carousel kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"450\" data-slider-type=\"fluidcarousel\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"true\" data-slider-speed=\"2000\"><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/7.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/7.jpg\" width=\"512\" height=\"384\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/7.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/7.jpg\" data-id=\"5683\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/7-6\/\" class=\"wp-image-5683 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/7.jpg 512w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/7-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\"> Farm Animal Disinfection <\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/0.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/0.jpg\" width=\"655\" height=\"230\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/0.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/0.jpg\" data-id=\"5684\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/attachment\/0\/\" class=\"wp-image-5684 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/0.jpg 655w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/0-300x105.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 655px) 100vw, 655px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\"> Farm Animal Disinfection <\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/8.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/8.jpg\" width=\"483\" height=\"295\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/8.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/8.jpg\" data-id=\"5685\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/8-5\/\" class=\"wp-image-5685 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/8.jpg 483w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/8-300x183.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 483px) 100vw, 483px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\"> Farm Animal Disinfection <\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/9.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/9.jpg\" width=\"739\" height=\"246\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/9.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/9.jpg\" data-id=\"5686\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/9-5\/\" class=\"wp-image-5686 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/9.jpg 739w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/9-300x100.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 739px) 100vw, 739px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\"> Farm Animal Disinfection <\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/11.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/11.jpg\" width=\"450\" height=\"299\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/11.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/11.jpg\" data-id=\"5687\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/11-5\/\" class=\"wp-image-5687 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/11.jpg 450w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/11-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\"> Farm Animal Disinfection <\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/12.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/12.jpg\" width=\"552\" height=\"368\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/12.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/12.jpg\" data-id=\"5688\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/12-5\/\" class=\"wp-image-5688 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/12.jpg 552w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/12-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\"> Farm Animal Disinfection <\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\"><strong>Formaldehyde<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Primarily available as a water-based solution called formalin, which contains 37% formaldehyde by weight &#8211; is used as a high-level disinfectant and sterilant. Formaldehyde exerts its bactericidal, tuberculocidal, fungicidal, virucidal and sporicidal effects in the aqueous state, as well as in combination with low-temperature steam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This extremely reactive chemical&#8217;s mechanism of action is attributed to its interactive and cross-linking properties with protein, DNA and RNA in vitro, resulting in the disruption of DNA synthesis. It can also penetrate bacterial spores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Formaldehyde has been traditionally used to sterilize equipment such as surgical instruments and haemodialysers in combination with alcohols. Paraformaldehyde, a solid polymer of formaldehyde, is used in combination with low-temperature steam for the disinfection of heat-sensitive medical equipment. Exposure hazards and the potential carcinogenic effects of formaldehyde have limited its healthcare uses recently, while next-generation aldehydes such as glutaraldehyde and o-phthalaldehyde, with better sporicidal activity, faster onset of action and lesser exposure effects, have replaced formaldehyde in the disinfection manuals of most healthcare establishments.<\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_80abec-57\">.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery ul.kb-gallery-id-_80abec-57 {margin: -6px;}.kb-gallery-id-_80abec-57 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item {padding:6px;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_80abec-57 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init {margin: 0 -6px;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_80abec-57 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .kb-slide-item, .kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel.kb-gallery-id-_80abec-57 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .kb-slide-item, .kb-gallery-type-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init:not(.slick-initialized) .kb-slide-item {padding: 4px 6px;}.kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel.kb-gallery-id-_80abec-57 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init.kb-carousel-mode-align-left .kb-slide-item {padding: 4px 12px 4px 0;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_80abec-57 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .slick-prev {left:6px;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_80abec-57 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .slick-next {right:6px;}.kb-gallery-id-_80abec-57.kb-gallery-ul.kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel .kt-blocks-carousel figure .kb-gal-image-radius, .kb-gallery-id-_80abec-57.kb-gallery-ul.kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel .kt-blocks-carousel figure .kb-gal-image-radius img {height:251px;}.kb-gallery-id-_80abec-57 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kb-gal-image-radius {border-radius: 21px 21px 21px 21px;}.kb-gallery-id-_80abec-57 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kb-gal-image-radius {box-shadow:4px 2px 10px -4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);}.kb-gallery-id-_80abec-57 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item:hover .kb-gal-image-radius {box-shadow:4px 2px 14px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery kb-gallery-wrap-id-_80abec-57\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel kb-gallery-id-_80abec-57 kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-fluid-carousel kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"450\" data-slider-type=\"fluidcarousel\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"true\" data-slider-speed=\"2000\"><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/f.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/f.jpg\" width=\"765\" height=\"179\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/f.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/f.jpg\" data-id=\"5696\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/f\/\" class=\"wp-image-5696 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/f.jpg 765w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/f-300x70.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 765px) 100vw, 765px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\"> <strong>Formaldehyde<\/strong> <\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/00.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/00.jpg\" width=\"215\" height=\"204\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/00.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/00.jpg\" data-id=\"5698\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/00-3\/\" class=\"wp-image-5698 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\"> <strong>Formaldehyde<\/strong> <\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/0.png\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/0.png\" width=\"220\" height=\"208\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/0.png\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/0.png\" data-id=\"5699\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/attachment\/0\/\" class=\"wp-image-5699 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\"> <strong>Formaldehyde<\/strong> <\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignnone\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_6964dc-22\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-layout-id_6964dc-22\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-top kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_8bac4c-9d\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/000.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/000.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5697\" width=\"442\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/000.jpg 530w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/000-300x294.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-2 kadence-column_138f5a-c0\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/0000.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/0000.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5695\" width=\"528\" height=\"373\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/0000.jpg 603w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/0000-300x212.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\"><strong>Glutaraldehyde<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Glutaraldehyde is a saturated dialdehyde widely used as a potent sterilant and high-level disinfectant. Its broad-spectrum, covering bactericidal, sporicidal, fungicidal and virucidal activity, makes it an ideal chemical for the low-temperature disinfection and sterilisation of critical and semi-critical equipment such as endoscopes, dialysers and surgical tools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/glu-e1627293966257.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/glu-e1627293966257.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5717\" width=\"566\" height=\"143\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/glu-e1627293966257.png 360w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/glu-e1627293966257-300x76.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 566px) 100vw, 566px\" \/><\/a><figcaption> <em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><strong>Glutaraldehyde<\/strong> <\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-theme-palette-3-color has-text-color\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.8\"><strong><em>&#8220;Glutaraldehyde exposure should be monitored to ensure a safe working environment.&#8221;<\/em><\/strong><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" id=\"mce_1_start\" data-mce-style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\" style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\"><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.8\">Aqueous solutions of glutaraldehyde when activated (rendered alkaline at 7.5- 8.5 p<sup>H<\/sup>) become sporicidal, while its microbicidal action is attributed primarily to its strong association with the outer layers of bacterial cells and the alkylation of sulphydryl, hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups, which alter RNA, DNA and protein synthesis within microorganisms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.8\">Glutaraldehyde is a saturated dialdehyde that has gained wide acceptance as a high-level disinfectant and chemical sterilant. Aqueous solutions of glutaraldehyde are acidic and generally in this state are not sporicidal. Only when the solution is <span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><em>\u201cactivated\u201d <\/em><\/span>(made alkaline) by the use of alkalinising agents to p<sup>H<\/sup> 7.5\u20138.5 does the solution become sporicidal. Once activated, these solutions have a shelf-life of minimally 14 days because of the polymerization of the glutaraldehyde molecules at alkaline p<sup>H<\/sup> levels. This polymerization blocks the active sites (aldehyde groups) of the glutaraldehyde molecules that are responsible for its biocidal activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.8\">Glutaraldehyde is also mycobactericidal, and glutaraldehyde formulations with phenols and alcohols have better usage life while maintaining excellent microbicidal activity. Glutaraldehyde exposure should be monitored to ensure a safe working environment. Acute or chronic exposure, resulting in skin irritation, mucous membrane irritation and multiple pulmonary symptoms such as occupational asthma and allergic rhinitis have been reported in healthcare workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.8\">Due to its exposure hazards, US healthcare associations advocate the use of glutaraldehyde alternatives such as o-phthalaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/1212-e1627294077341.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/1212-e1627294077341.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5718\" width=\"512\" height=\"262\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/1212-e1627294077341.jpg 461w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/1212-e1627294077341-300x154.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\"><strong>Ortho-phthalaldehyde<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Since its introduction in 1999, ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) has been accepted as a better, safer alternative to glutaraldehyde in most US healthcare facilities. OPA by Advanced Sterilization Products was cleared by the US FDA as a high-level disinfectant and emerged as a suitable replacement of glutaraldehyde for the disinfection of endoscopes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/111.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/111-e1627301766879.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5723\" width=\"312\" height=\"288\"\/><\/a><figcaption> <strong><em>Ortho-phthalaldehyde<\/em><\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>OPA has excellent microbicidal activity and superior mycobactericidal activity compared with glutaraldehyde and has potent bactericidal and sporicidal activity. Like glutaraldehyde, it interacts with amino acids, proteins and microorganisms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>OPA has many advantages over glutaraldehyde, such as improved stability at varying p<sup>H<\/sup> ranges, lower inhalation exposure risk and a wider range of material compatibility, <span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><em>although it costs almost three times more<\/em><\/span>; but, considering the cost of the sophisticated ventilation systems needed to minimize the respiratory hazards of using glutaraldehyde, OPA is more economical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ortho-phthalaldehyde is a high-level disinfectant that received FDA clearance in October 1999. It contains 0.55% 1,2-benzenedicarboxaldehyde (OPA). OPA solution is a clear, pale-blue liquid with a p<strong><sup>H<\/sup><\/strong> of 7.5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\"><strong>Hydrogen peroxide<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Disinfectant solutions containing <strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">7.5% hydrogen peroxide<\/span><\/em><\/strong> have been approved by the US FDA for sterilization and high-level disinfection in healthcare settings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/313.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"204\" height=\"291\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/313.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5724\"\/><\/a><figcaption><em><strong>PEROXYDE D&#8217;HYDROGENE 35%<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><em>&#8220;<\/em><strong><em>Disinfectant solutions containing 7.5% hydrogen peroxide have been approved by the US FDA for sterilization.<\/em>&#8220;<\/strong><\/span> A <span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><em><strong>0.5% accelerated hydrogen peroxide<\/strong><\/em><\/span> demonstrated bactericidal and virucidal activity in 1 minute and mycobactericidal and fungicidal activity in 5 minutes&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Its good, broad-spectrum bactericidal, virucidal, sporicidal and fungicidal properties, combined with its excellent stability and environmentally friendly characteristics, have made hydrogen peroxide the disinfectant of choice for semi-critical and non-critical equipment while being an ideal surface disinfectant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite not being listed as equipment-compatible by all endoscope manufacturers, hydrogen peroxide-based disinfectant solutions are still considered ideal alternatives for other toxic sterilants, such as ethylene oxide and aldehyde disinfectants. Hydrogen peroxide produces destructive hydroxyl-free radicals that act on membrane lipids, DNA and other essential cell components.<\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_deb73b-5f\">#kt-layout-id_deb73b-5f > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:24px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignnone\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_deb73b-5f\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-layout-id_deb73b-5f\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-top kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_23d7f8-dc\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/1331.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/1331.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5734\" width=\"532\" height=\"365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/1331.jpg 960w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/1331-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/1331-768x528.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 532px) 100vw, 532px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em><strong>ACCELERATED HYDROGEN PEROXIDE <\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-2 kadence-column_9fbb50-7f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/3131.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/3131.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5735\" width=\"597\" height=\"374\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/3131.png 1001w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/3131-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/3131-768x480.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 597px) 100vw, 597px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\"><strong>Peracetic Acid<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Peracetic, or peroxyacetic, acid is characterized by rapid action against all microorganisms. Special advantages of peracetic acid are that it lacks harmful decomposition products (i.e., acetic acid, water, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide), enhances the removal of organic material, and leaves no residue. It remains effective in the presence of organic matter and is sporicidal even at low temperatures. Peracetic acid can corrode copper, brass, bronze, plain steel, and galvanized iron but these effects can be reduced by additives and p<sup>H<\/sup> modifications. It is considered unstable, particularly when diluted; for example, a 1% solution loses half its strength through hydrolysis in 6 days, whereas 40% peracetic acid loses 1%\u20132% of its active ingredients per month<\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_05feae-2d\">@media all and (min-width: 768px){#kt-layout-id_05feae-2d > .kt-row-column-wrap > .inner-column-1{flex:0 1 40%;-webkit-flex:0 1 40%;}#kt-layout-id_05feae-2d > .kt-row-column-wrap > .inner-column-2{flex:0 1 60%;-webkit-flex:0 1 60%;}}#kt-layout-id_05feae-2d > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:13px;padding-left:50px;padding-right:50px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignnone\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_05feae-2d\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-layout-id_05feae-2d\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-gutter-wider kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-top kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row  kt-custom-first-width-40  kt-custom-second-width-60\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_42f127-3e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/213212.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/213212.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5746\" width=\"357\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/213212.png 313w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/213212-300x235.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-2 kadence-column_25c042-04\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/212112.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/212112.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5747\" width=\"608\" height=\"261\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/212112.png 512w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/212112-300x129.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 608px) 100vw, 608px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Another emerging alternative to ethylene oxide and aldehyde sterilants is peracetic acid. Peracetic acid-based solutions are considered to be a more potent disinfectant than hydrogen peroxide; are <em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><strong>sporicidal, bactericidal, virucidal and fungicidal<\/strong><\/span><\/em> at low concentrations; and are<span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"tadv-background-color\"> <\/span><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"tadv-background-color\"><em>environment friendly<\/em><\/span>.<\/span> They have replaced traditional disinfectants for medical devices, endoscopes and haemodialysers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It also acts as an <em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">environmental surface sterilant<\/span><\/em>, and behaves similarly to other oxidising agents, disrupting cell wall permeability and oxidising sulphhydryl and sulphur bonds in proteins, enzymes and other metabolites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\"><strong><strong>Hydrogen Peroxide and Peracetic Acid Combination<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Two chemical sterilants are available that contain peracetic acid plus hydrogen peroxide (<em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">i.e., 0.08% peracetic acid plus 1.0% hydrogen peroxide [no longer marketed<\/span><\/em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">]<\/span>; and <span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"tadv-background-color\"><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><em>0.23%<\/em> <\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">peracetic acid plus 7.35% hydrogen peroxide<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_0394ca-01\">@media all and (min-width: 768px){#kt-layout-id_0394ca-01 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .inner-column-1{flex:0 1 40%;-webkit-flex:0 1 40%;}#kt-layout-id_0394ca-01 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .inner-column-2{flex:0 1 60%;-webkit-flex:0 1 60%;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignnone\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_0394ca-01\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-layout-id_0394ca-01\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-top kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row  kt-custom-first-width-40  kt-custom-second-width-60\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_853a80-a0\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/31313131.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5750\" width=\"410\" height=\"231\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/31313131.jpg 518w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/31313131-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-2 kadence-column_9f97ed-ad\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/13331.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5749\" width=\"773\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/13331.png 813w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/13331-300x77.png 300w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/13331-768x198.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 773px) 100vw, 773px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The 0.08% peracetic acid plus 1.0% hydrogen peroxide product effectively inactivated glutaraldehyde-resistant mycobacteria<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Peracetic acid, when combined with hydrogen peroxide, was found to be more effective, typically against glutaraldehyde-resistant mycobacteria. Combination of products cleared by the FDA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The combination of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide has been used for disinfecting haemodialysers, but the mix was found to be incompatible with flexible gastrointestinal endoscopes as claimed by leading US manufacturers.<\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_25f1e2-4f\">#kt-layout-id_25f1e2-4f{background-image:url('https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/kt_01_background_image.jpg');background-size:cover;background-position:center center;background-attachment:scroll;background-repeat:no-repeat;}#kt-layout-id_25f1e2-4f > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:119px;padding-bottom:70px;min-height:500px;}#kt-layout-id_25f1e2-4f > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.60;background-color:#008c9e;mix-blend-mode:normal;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){#kt-layout-id_25f1e2-4f > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:91px;padding-bottom:79px;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignfull\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_25f1e2-4f\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-row-has-bg kt-layout-id_25f1e2-4f\"><div class=\"kt-row-layout-overlay kt-row-overlay-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"kt-row-layout-top-sep kt-row-sep-type-ctdi\"><svg style=\"fill:#ffffff\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\"><path d=\"M500,2l500,78l0,20l-1000,0l0,-20l500,-78Z\" style=\"opacity:0.4\"><\/path><path d=\"M500,2l500,98l-1000,0l500,-98Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-middle kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_381e03-65\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style id=\"kt-blocks_bc533c-94\">#kt-adv-heading_bc533c-94, #kt-adv-heading_bc533c-94 .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_bc533c-94[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_bc533c-94\"], .kadence-advanced-heading-wrapper .kt-adv-heading_bc533c-94[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_bc533c-94\"]{text-align:center;font-size:3.5em;line-height:1.5em;color:#fff;}#kt-adv-heading_bc533c-94 mark, #kt-adv-heading_bc533c-94 .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading mark, .kt-adv-heading_bc533c-94[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_bc533c-94\"] mark{padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){#kt-adv-heading_bc533c-94, #kt-adv-heading_bc533c-94 .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_bc533c-94[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_bc533c-94\"], .kadence-advanced-heading-wrapper .kt-adv-heading_bc533c-94[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_bc533c-94\"]{font-size:1.5em;}}<\/style>\n<h1 class=\"kt-adv-heading_bc533c-94 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_bc533c-94\"><strong>Intermediate-level Disinfectants<\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"kt-row-layout-bottom-sep kt-row-sep-type-ctd\"><svg style=\"fill:#ffffff\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\"><path d=\"M1000,0l-500,98l-500,-98l0,100l1000,0l0,-100Z\" style=\"opacity:0.4\"><\/path><path d=\"M1000,20l-500,78l-500,-78l0,80l1000,0l0,-80Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\"><strong>Sodium hypochlorite<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Chlorine-releasing agents (CRAs), the most popular sodium hypochlorite solution, are widely used for the disinfection of hard surfaces and blood spillages containing the human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis B virus.<\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_30ac97-3c\">#kt-layout-id_30ac97-3c > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-left:50px;padding-right:50px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignnone\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_30ac97-3c\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-layout-id_30ac97-3c\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-gutter-wider kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-top kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_f24763-c3\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/21212.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5756\" width=\"446\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/21212.jpg 612w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/21212-300x119.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 446px) 100vw, 446px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-2 kadence-column_37a84a-4d\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/121221-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5758\" width=\"463\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/121221-1.jpg 389w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/121221-1-300x126.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently, sodium hypochlorite was designated as the best defence against hospital-acquired and community-acquired&nbsp;<em>Clostridium difficile<\/em>&nbsp;infections. With a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, sodium hypochlorite is inexpensive with low toxicity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CRAs are highly active oxidising agents and destroy the cellular activity of proteins. Hypochlorous acid, the active moiety, has been shown to have harmful effects on bacterial DNA through the formation of chlorinated derivatives of nucleotide bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>High concentrations of sodium hypochlorite display significant levels of sporicidal and virucidal activity. <span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"tadv-background-color\"><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><strong><em>Sodium hydroxide<\/em> <\/strong><\/span><\/span>(7681-52-9) <span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">&#8211; <em><strong>15-30%.&nbsp; Sodium hypochlorite<\/strong><\/em><\/span> (1310-73-2)<span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><em><strong>-3-<\/strong><\/em><\/span><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><strong>5%<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/121221.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5754\" width=\"237\" height=\"237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/121221.jpg 288w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/121221-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 237px) 100vw, 237px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The most prevalent chlorine products in the United States are aqueous solutions of <em><strong><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">5.25%\u20136.15% sodium hypochlorite<\/span><\/strong><\/em> (see glossary), usually called household bleach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, do not leave toxic residues, are unaffected by water hardness, are inexpensive and fast-acting, remove dried or fixed organisms and biofilms from surfaces and have a low incidence of serious toxicity&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After reviewing environmental fate and ecologic data, EPA has determined the currently registered uses of hypochlorites will not result in unreasonable adverse effects on the environment<\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_1290fd-01\">#kt-layout-id_1290fd-01 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-left:50px;padding-right:50px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignnone\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_1290fd-01\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-layout-id_1290fd-01\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-gutter-wider kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-top kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_3d79a5-a1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/23233.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5757\" width=\"435\" height=\"326\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/23233.jpg 432w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/23233-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 435px) 100vw, 435px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-2 kadence-column_6480df-25\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/3232.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5755\" width=\"492\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/3232.jpg 489w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/3232-300x196.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 492px) 100vw, 492px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\"><strong><strong>Iodophors<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Iodophors, <em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">complexes of iodine and a solubilising agent<\/span><\/em> or carrier, are used as antiseptics and surface disinfectants. Iodine has bactericidal, fungicidal, tuberculocidal, virucidal and sporicidal properties, while its antiseptic properties are well known.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/311331.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/311331.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5759\" width=\"341\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/311331.png 910w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/311331-300x235.png 300w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/311331-768x603.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 341px) 100vw, 341px\" \/><\/a><figcaption> <strong><strong>Iodophors<\/strong><\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Iodophors, such as <em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">povidone-iodine and poloxamer-iodine<\/span><\/em>, are much more stable, have fewer irritant characteristics and exert better microbicidal action than aqueous iodine solutions. The FDA has not cleared any liquid chemical sterilant or high-level disinfectant with iodophors as the main active ingredient, but iodophors are still used in healthcare settings for disinfecting blood culture bottles and medical equipment such as thermometers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/313131.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5760\" width=\"233\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/313131.jpg 259w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/313131-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px\" \/><figcaption> <strong><strong>Iodophors<\/strong><\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_7c4d7f-11\">#kt-layout-id_7c4d7f-11{background-image:url('https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/kt_01_background_image.jpg');background-size:cover;background-position:center center;background-attachment:scroll;background-repeat:no-repeat;}#kt-layout-id_7c4d7f-11 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:189px;padding-bottom:95px;min-height:500px;}#kt-layout-id_7c4d7f-11 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.60;background-color:#008c9e;mix-blend-mode:normal;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignfull\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_7c4d7f-11\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-row-has-bg kt-layout-id_7c4d7f-11\"><div class=\"kt-row-layout-overlay kt-row-overlay-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"kt-row-layout-top-sep kt-row-sep-type-ctdi\"><svg style=\"fill:#ffffff\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\"><path d=\"M500,2l500,78l0,20l-1000,0l0,-20l500,-78Z\" style=\"opacity:0.4\"><\/path><path d=\"M500,2l500,98l-1000,0l500,-98Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-middle kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_664fa2-d3\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style id=\"kt-blocks_95ffef-4c\">#kt-adv-heading_95ffef-4c, #kt-adv-heading_95ffef-4c .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_95ffef-4c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_95ffef-4c\"], .kadence-advanced-heading-wrapper .kt-adv-heading_95ffef-4c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_95ffef-4c\"]{text-align:center;font-size:3.5em;line-height:1.5em;color:#fff;}#kt-adv-heading_95ffef-4c mark, #kt-adv-heading_95ffef-4c .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading mark, .kt-adv-heading_95ffef-4c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_95ffef-4c\"] mark{padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){#kt-adv-heading_95ffef-4c, #kt-adv-heading_95ffef-4c .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_95ffef-4c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_95ffef-4c\"], .kadence-advanced-heading-wrapper .kt-adv-heading_95ffef-4c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_95ffef-4c\"]{font-size:1.7em;}}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading_95ffef-4c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_95ffef-4c\">Low-level Disinfectants<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"kt-row-layout-bottom-sep kt-row-sep-type-ctd\"><svg style=\"fill:#ffffff\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\"><path d=\"M1000,0l-500,98l-500,-98l0,100l1000,0l0,-100Z\" style=\"opacity:0.4\"><\/path><path d=\"M1000,20l-500,78l-500,-78l0,80l1000,0l0,-80Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\"><strong>Phenols<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.8\"><em><strong><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">&#8220;Phenolic disinfectants disrupt the cell membrane of microorganisms.&#8221;<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since Dr Joseph Lister&#8217;s use of phenols for his pioneering work on antiseptic surgery, phenolic disinfectants have been used as low and intermediate-level disinfectants. Phenolic disinfectants are effective bactericides, fungicides, tuberculocides and virucides, but are ineffective against spore-forming bacteria such as&nbsp;<em>Clostridium difficile<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_405910-75\">#kt-layout-id_405910-75 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-left:50px;padding-right:50px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignnone\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_405910-75\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-layout-id_405910-75\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-top kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_c3e008-4e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/31313.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5762\" width=\"521\" height=\"206\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-2 kadence-column_5400ce-64\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/131331.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5763\" width=\"475\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/131331.jpg 458w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/131331-300x114.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>EPA-registered phenolic disinfectants are used to disinfect surface areas and non-critical medical devices. Phenolics are not FDA-cleared as high-level disinfectants for use with semi-critical items.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/133131.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5764\" width=\"299\" height=\"199\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Phenolic disinfectants disrupt the cell membrane of microorganisms, and two phenol derivatives used commonly in hospital disinfectants are <strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">orthophenylphenol<\/span><\/em><\/strong> and <strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">ortho-benzyl-parachlorophenol.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\">Quaternary ammonium compounds<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are used for a variety of clinical purposes such as preoperative disinfection, disinfection of non-critical instruments, and <em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">hard-surface cleaning and deodorisation.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dada.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5767\" width=\"271\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dada.jpg 250w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dada-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 271px) 100vw, 271px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>QACs possess <em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">bactericidal, fungicidal and virucidal properties<\/span><\/em>; however, they only display <em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">mycobacteria static and spore static activity<\/span><\/em>. Quaternary ammonium disinfectants contain NH4<sup>+<\/sup>, the strong positive charge that results in better contact with negatively charged surfaces, making them good cleaning agents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EPA-registered QACs are appropriate for use in disinfecting medical equipment that contacts unbroken skin, such as blood pressure cuffs. US hospitals also use quaternary ammonium-based disinfectants for the<em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"> terminal disinfection of hospital rooms.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/daadda.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/daadda.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5769\" width=\"601\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/daadda.png 1024w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/daadda-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/daadda-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 601px) 100vw, 601px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Chemically, the quaternary is organically substituted ammonium compounds in which the nitrogen atom has a valence of 5, four of the substituent radicals (R<sub>1<\/sub>-R<sub>4<\/sub>) are alkyl or heterocyclic radicals of a given size or chain length, and the fifth (X<sup>\u2011<\/sup>) is a halide, sulfate, or similar radical. Each compound exhibits its antimicrobial characteristics, hence the search for one compound with outstanding antimicrobial properties. Some of the chemical names of quaternary ammonium compounds used in healthcare are <em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride,<\/span><\/em> <em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Alkyl didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. The newer quaternary ammonium compounds (i.e., fourth-generation), referred to as twin-chain or dialkyl quaternary (e.g.) Didecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide and dioctyl dimethyl ammonium bromide<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/fsae.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5772\" width=\"221\" height=\"221\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Purportedly remain active in hard water and are tolerant of anionic residues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A<em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"> few case reports have documented occupatio<\/span><\/em>nal asthma as a result of exposure to <em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">benzalkonium chloride<\/span><\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/fsasfasf.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5773\" width=\"273\" height=\"222\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_3744e3-00\">#kt-layout-id_3744e3-00{background-image:url('https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/kt_01_background_image.jpg');background-size:auto;background-position:50% 52%;background-attachment:fixed;background-repeat:no-repeat;}#kt-layout-id_3744e3-00 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:250px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;max-width:1170px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){#kt-layout-id_3744e3-00 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignfull\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_3744e3-00\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-row-has-bg kt-layout-id_3744e3-00\"><div class=\"kt-row-layout-top-sep kt-row-sep-type-mtns\"><svg style=\"fill:#ffffff\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\"><path d=\"M1000,50l-182.69,-45.286l-292.031,61.197l-190.875,-41.075l-143.748,28.794l-190.656,-23.63l0,70l1000,0l0,-50Z\" style=\"opacity:0.4\"><\/path><path d=\"M1000,57l-152.781,-22.589l-214.383,19.81l-159.318,-21.471l-177.44,25.875l-192.722,5.627l-103.356,-27.275l0,63.023l1000,0l0,-43Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-3-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-bottom kt-row-layout-right-half kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_348573-f6\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-2 kadence-column_5aa0e0-5f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-3 kadence-column_8c79b0-61\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style id=\"kt-blocks_eae0c6-78\">#kt-layout-id_eae0c6-78 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-left:25px;padding-right:25px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignnone\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_eae0c6-78\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-row-has-bg kt-layout-id_eae0c6-78 has-theme-palette-7-background-color\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-middle kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_498f9c-03\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style id=\"kt-blocks_53f9cb-4b\">#kt-adv-heading_53f9cb-4b, #kt-adv-heading_53f9cb-4b .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_53f9cb-4b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_53f9cb-4b\"], .kadence-advanced-heading-wrapper .kt-adv-heading_53f9cb-4b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_53f9cb-4b\"]{text-align:center;font-size:43px;line-height:60px;color:#444;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;}#kt-adv-heading_53f9cb-4b mark, #kt-adv-heading_53f9cb-4b .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading mark, .kt-adv-heading_53f9cb-4b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_53f9cb-4b\"] mark{padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading_53f9cb-4b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_53f9cb-4b\">Table: 1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><strong>Comparison of the characteristics of selected chemicals used as high-level disinfectants or chemical sterilants<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_9e28e5-61\">.kt-btns_9e28e5-61 .kt-button{font-family:Montserrat;font-weight:600;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns_9e28e5-61 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#808080;font-size:18px;background:#fff;border-color:#808080;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns_9e28e5-61 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns_9e28e5-61 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#000;border-color:#000;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns_9e28e5-61 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns_9e28e5-61 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns_9e28e5-61 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#fff;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kt-btn-align-center kt-btn-tablet-align-inherit kt-btn-mobile-align-inherit kt-btns-wrap kt-btns_9e28e5-61\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\"><table><thead><tr><td><strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Chemical Characteristics &nbsp;<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" id=\"mce_1_start\" data-mce-style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\" style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\"><\/span><\/td><td><strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Hydrogen Peroxide (7.5%) &nbsp;<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/td><td><strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Peracetic Acid (0.2%) &nbsp;<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/td><td><strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Glutaraldehyde (\u22652.0%) &nbsp;<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/td><td><strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">OPA&nbsp;(0.55%) &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/td><td><strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Hydrogen Peroxide \/ Peracetic Acid (7.35%\/0.23%)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><em>High-level disinfectant claim<\/em><\/span><\/td><td>30 minutes @ 20\u00b0C<\/td><td>Not Applicable<\/td><td>20-90 minutes @ 20<sup>o<\/sup>-25\u00b0C<\/td><td>12 minutes @ 20\u00b0C, 5 minutes @ 25\u00b0C in AER<\/td><td>15 minutes @ 20\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><em>Sterilization Claim<\/em><\/span><\/td><td>6 hours @ 20\u00b0C<\/td><td>12 minutes @ 50-56\u00b0C<\/td><td>10 hours @ 20<sup>o<\/sup>-25\u00b0C<\/td><td>None<\/td><td>3 h @ 20\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Activation<\/span><\/em><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" id=\"mce_1_start\" data-mce-style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\" style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\"><\/span><\/td><td>No<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Yes (alkaline glutaraldehyde)<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>No<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Reuse life <span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" id=\"mce_1_start\" data-mce-style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\" style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\">(number of days a product can be reused as determined by re-use protocol)<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/td><td>21 days<\/td><td>Single-use<\/td><td>14-30 days<\/td><td>14 days<\/td><td>14 days<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Shelf-life stability (the time a product can remain in storage (unused))<\/span><\/em><\/td><td>2 years<\/td><td>6 months<\/td><td>2 years<\/td><td>2 years<\/td><td>2 years<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Disposal Restrictions<\/span><\/em><\/td><td>None<\/td><td>None<\/td><td>Local (no U.S. EPA regulations exist but some states and local authorities have disposal restrictions)<\/td><td>Local (no U.S. EPA regulations exist but some states and local authorities have disposal restrictions)<\/td><td>None<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Materials Compatibility<\/span><\/em><\/td><td>Good<\/td><td>Good<\/td><td>Excellent<\/td><td>Excellent<\/td><td>No data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Monitor MEC of solution<\/span><\/em><\/td><td>Yes (6%)<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Yes (1.5% or higher)<\/td><td>Yes (0.3% OPA)<\/td><td>No<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Safety<\/span><\/em><\/td><td>Serious eye irritant (safety glasses)<\/td><td>Serious eye and skin irritant (conc. Soln.)<sup>&nbsp;5<\/sup><\/td><td>Respiratory irritant<\/td><td>Eye irritant, stains skin<\/td><td>Eye irritant<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Processing<\/span><\/em><\/td><td>Manual or automated<\/td><td>Automated<\/td><td>Manual or automated<\/td><td>Manual or automated<\/td><td>Manual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Organic material resistance<\/span><\/em><\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">OSHA exposure limit<\/span><\/em><\/td><td>1 ppm TWA<\/td><td>None<\/td><td>None (The ceiling limit recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists is 0.05 ppm.)<\/td><td>None<\/td><td>Hydrogen Peroxide -1 ppm (time-weighted average for a conventional 8-hour workday)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Cost profile (per cycle)<sup>1<\/sup><\/span><\/em><\/td><td>+ (manual) ++ (automated)<\/td><td>+++++ (automated)<\/td><td>+ (manual) ++ (automated)<\/td><td>++ (manual)<\/td><td>++ (manual)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>Table: 01<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1\"><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><strong>Abbreviations and Footnotes:<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1\">OPA&nbsp;ortho-phthalaldehyde (FDA cleared as a high-level disinfectant, included for comparison to other chemical agents used for high-level disinfection)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1\">AER&nbsp;Automated Endoscope Reprocessor<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1\">MEC&nbsp;minimum effective concentration is the lowest concentration of active ingredients at which the product is still effective<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1\">1&nbsp;per cycle cost profile considers the cost of the processing solution (suggested list price to healthcare facilities in August 2001) and assumes maximum use life (e.g., 21&nbsp;days for hydrogen peroxide, 14&nbsp;days for glutaraldehyde), 5&nbsp;reprocessing cycles per day, 1-gallon basin for manual processing, and 4-gallon tank for automated processing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1\">+&nbsp;= least expensive;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1\">+++++&nbsp;= most expensive<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_c84bd5-06\">#kt-layout-id_c84bd5-06{background-image:url('https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/kt_01_background_image.jpg');background-size:auto;background-position:50% 52%;background-attachment:fixed;background-repeat:no-repeat;}#kt-layout-id_c84bd5-06 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:253px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;max-width:1170px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){#kt-layout-id_c84bd5-06 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignfull\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_c84bd5-06\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-row-has-bg kt-layout-id_c84bd5-06\"><div class=\"kt-row-layout-top-sep kt-row-sep-type-mtns\"><svg style=\"fill:#ffffff\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\"><path d=\"M1000,50l-182.69,-45.286l-292.031,61.197l-190.875,-41.075l-143.748,28.794l-190.656,-23.63l0,70l1000,0l0,-50Z\" style=\"opacity:0.4\"><\/path><path d=\"M1000,57l-152.781,-22.589l-214.383,19.81l-159.318,-21.471l-177.44,25.875l-192.722,5.627l-103.356,-27.275l0,63.023l1000,0l0,-43Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-3-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-bottom kt-row-layout-right-half kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_441491-eb\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-2 kadence-column_b1431e-53\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-3 kadence-column_3ddc20-77\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style id=\"kt-blocks_59f009-78\">#kt-layout-id_59f009-78 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-left:25px;padding-right:25px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignnone\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_59f009-78\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-row-has-bg kt-layout-id_59f009-78 has-theme-palette-7-background-color\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-middle kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_8dd039-25\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style id=\"kt-blocks_451f06-55\">#kt-adv-heading_451f06-55, #kt-adv-heading_451f06-55 .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_451f06-55[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_451f06-55\"], .kadence-advanced-heading-wrapper .kt-adv-heading_451f06-55[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_451f06-55\"]{text-align:center;font-size:43px;line-height:60px;color:#444;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;}#kt-adv-heading_451f06-55 mark, #kt-adv-heading_451f06-55 .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading mark, .kt-adv-heading_451f06-55[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_451f06-55\"] mark{padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading_451f06-55 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_451f06-55\">Table: 2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-size:16px\"><strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Summary of advantages and disadvantages of chemical agents used as chemical sterilants1 or as high-level disinfectants<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_7b89a3-ae\">.kt-btns_7b89a3-ae .kt-button{font-family:Montserrat;font-weight:600;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns_7b89a3-ae .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#808080;font-size:18px;background:#fff;border-color:#808080;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns_7b89a3-ae .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns_7b89a3-ae .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#000;border-color:#000;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns_7b89a3-ae .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns_7b89a3-ae .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns_7b89a3-ae .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#fff;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kt-btn-align-center kt-btn-tablet-align-inherit kt-btn-mobile-align-inherit kt-btns-wrap kt-btns_7b89a3-ae\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" id=\"mce_1_start\" data-mce-style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\" style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\">Sterilization Method<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/th><th><em><strong><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Advantages <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/th><th><em><strong><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Disadvantages<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Peracetic Acid\/Hydrogen Peroxide<\/span><\/em><\/td><td>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; No activation required<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Odour or irritation not significant<\/td><td>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Materials compatibility concerns (lead, brass, copper, zinc) both cosmetic and functional<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Limited clinical experience<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Potential for eye and skin damage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Glutaraldehyde<\/span><\/em><\/td><td>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Numerous use studies published<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Relatively inexpensive<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Excellent materials compatibility<\/td><td>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Respiratory irritation from glutaraldehyde vapour<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Pungent and irritating odour<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Relatively slow mycobactericidal activity<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Coagulates blood and fixes tissue to surfaces<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Allergic contact dermatitis<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Glutaraldehyde vapour monitoring recommended<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Hydrogen Peroxide<\/span><\/em><\/td><td>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; No activation required<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; May enhance the removal of organic matter and organisms<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; No disposal issues<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; No odour or irritation issues<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Does not coagulate blood or fix tissues to surfaces<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Inactivates Cryptosporidium<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Use studies published<\/td><td>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Material compatibility concerns (brass, zinc, copper, and nickel\/silver plating) both cosmetic and functional<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Serious eye damage with contact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Ortho-phthalaldehyde<\/span><\/em><\/td><td>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Fast-acting high-level disinfectant<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; No activation required<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Odour not significant<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Excellent materials compatibility claimed<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Does not coagulate blood or fix tissues to surfaces claimed<\/td><td>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Stains skin, mucous membranes, clothing, and environmental surfaces<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Repeated exposure may result in hypersensitivity in some patients with bladder cancer<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; More expensive than glutaraldehyde<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Eye irritation with contact<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Slow sporicidal activity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Peracetic Acid<\/span><\/em><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" id=\"mce_1_start\" data-mce-style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\" style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\"><\/span><\/td><td>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Rapid sterilization cycle time (30-45 minutes)<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Low temperature (50-55\u00b0C) liquid immersion sterilization<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Environmentally friendly by-products (acetic acid, O<sub>2<\/sub>, H<sub>2<\/sub>0)<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Fully automated<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The single-use system eliminates the need for concentration testing<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Standardized cycle<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; May enhance the removal of organic material and endotoxin<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; No adverse health effects on operators under normal operating conditions<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Compatible with many materials and instruments<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Does not coagulate blood or fix tissues to surfaces<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Sterilant flows through scope facilitating salt, protein, and microbe removal<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Rapidly sporicidal<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Provides procedure standardization (constant dilution, perfusion of the channel, temperatures, exposure)<\/td><td>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Potential material incompatibility (e.g., the aluminium anodized coating becomes dull)<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Used for immiscible instruments only<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The biological indicator may not be suitable for routine monitoring<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; One scope or a small number of instruments can be processed in a cycle<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; More expensive (endoscope repairs, operating costs, purchase costs) than high-level disinfection<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Serious eye and skin damage (concentrated solution) with contact<br>\u00b7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The point-of-use system, no sterile storage<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>Table: 02<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Modified from Rutala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1&nbsp;All products effective in presence of organic soil, relatively easy to use, and have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity (bacteria, fungi, viruses, bacterial spores, and mycobacteria). The above characteristics are documented in the literature; contact the manufacturer of the instrument and sterilant for additional information. All products listed above are FDA-cleared as chemical sterilants except OPA, which is an FDA-cleared high-level disinfectant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_875d49-62\">#kt-layout-id_875d49-62{background-image:url('https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/eggs.jpg');background-size:contain;background-position:center center;background-attachment:fixed;background-repeat:no-repeat;}#kt-layout-id_875d49-62 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:100px;min-height:500px;}#kt-layout-id_875d49-62 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.00;background-color:#008c9e;mix-blend-mode:normal;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignfull\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_875d49-62\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-row-has-bg kt-layout-id_875d49-62 kt-jarallax\"><div class=\"kt-row-layout-overlay kt-row-overlay-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-middle kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_5e66a4-0f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&nbsp;<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\"><span style=\"color:#EFF7FB\" class=\"tadv-color\">Probiotics, Prebiotic &amp; Symbiotic products for Animal Performances<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-white-color has-text-color\">We\u2019d love to hear your feedback or answer any questions you may have.<\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_2350b5-15\">.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns_2350b5-15 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#fff;font-size:18px;background:transparent;border-color:#fff;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns_2350b5-15 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns_2350b5-15 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#fff;border-color:#008c9e;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns_2350b5-15 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns_2350b5-15 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns_2350b5-15 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#008c9e;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kt-btn-align-center kt-btn-tablet-align-inherit kt-btn-mobile-align-inherit kt-btns-wrap kt-btns_2350b5-15\"><div class=\"kt-btn-wrap kt-btn-wrap-0\"><a class=\"kt-button button kt-btn-0-action kt-btn-size-custom kt-btn-style-basic kt-btn-svg-show-always kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false\" href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/contact-us\/\" style=\"border-radius:3px;border-width:2px\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Contact us<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\">Probiotic Use Growing in Animal Feed and Nutrition<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">High probiotic demand from farmers and the companion pet sectors are expected to boost the adoption of advanced probiotic technologies for animals, according to Grand View Research.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Probiotic use in animal nutrition is widely accepted today. Rapid advancements in molecular biology and gene sequencing are helping researchers dig deep on finding new probiotic applications for animals, including in feed and consumer-packaged health products for companion pets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/fgsdgsd.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/fgsdgsd.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5799\" width=\"489\" height=\"311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/fgsdgsd.png 978w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/fgsdgsd-300x190.png 300w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/fgsdgsd-768x488.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 489px) 100vw, 489px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Probiotics are increasingly being added to commercial animal feed for cattle and poultry to alter the gastrointestinal flora and overall animal. Growing awareness among pet owners, cattle farmers, and hobbyists regarding the advantages of probiotics for animal\u2019s health is a major opportunity for the businesses operating in probiotics manufacturing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\">Livestock Nutrition<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Over the last decade or so, there has been a significant rise in the adoption of Probiotics&nbsp;in animal feed for farm animals like swine, cattle, horses, ruminants, and poultry. Using probiotics in cattle feed has shown beneficial results in terms of animal performance, digestion, and the immune system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When introduced to feed in an appropriate quantity, live probiotic microorganisms can produce bountiful health benefits. For instance, ruminants see numerous benefits when probiotics are included in feed during weaning and at the beginning of lactation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another example: yeast helps stabilize p<sup>H<\/sup> and reduce the risk of acidosis among ruminants. Today, yeast is commonly used among swine, poultry, and monogastric animals. Yeast-based probiotics target the animal\u2019s colon, caecum, and other areas-a hideouts for diverse microbial populations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The shift towards antibiotic-free meat is also expected to be a major factor for driving businesses to discover safe and reliable tools for farmers. However, not all probiotics reduce foodborne diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The bacteria most commonly used as animal-feed probiotics Include&nbsp;<span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><strong><em>Lactobacillus<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>Bacillus<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>Streptococcus<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>Pediococcus<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>Enterococcus<\/em>, and&nbsp;<em>Bifidobacterium<\/em>.<\/strong><\/span> Most commercially available probiotics contain more than one species for maximum effect. Some also contain fungi and yeast strains. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The live cultures used in probiotics are available in vegetative form and spore form. Vegetative cultures are humidity and heat-sensitive, while spore cultures are naturally strong when it comes to withstanding heat, antibiotics, and stomach acids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\">Commercial Probiotic Products<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Probiotic companies continue to roll out new probiotic products directed at the animal market. Here are some companies specializing in the animal-probiotic space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One Company of France offers its spore-forming<em>&nbsp;<strong><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Bacillus subtilis<\/span><\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;Alterion probiotic strain targeting poultry. According to the company, \u201cDuring production, birds are regularly challenged by various stress factors, including feed content or pathogens. By balancing gut microbiota, Alterion will help the animals to perform optimally, even under challenging conditions, providing at the same time a protection against future intestinal disorders.\u201d Another company also recently announced the development of pipeline probiotics based on&nbsp;<strong><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><em>Bacillus<\/em>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The recently created U.S.-based company is developing a novel bacterial stain of<strong><em><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff\" class=\"tadv-background-color\"><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">&nbsp;Faecalibacterium prausnitzii<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;for commercial livestock usage. The company is close to receiving Series funding to expand its research and development activities. The company recently partnered with Cornell University\u2019s McGovern Center for Venture Development in the Life Sciences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A company that develops pet probiotics recently launched a multistrain, high-count probiotic for companion dogs. The product is specifically developed to support canine digestive health. The product contains eight strains of bacteria and is cited as one of the highest bacteria count probiotics available for dogs. \u201cWe found many dog parents were giving their dogs probiotics designed for people without understanding their dog&#8217;s stomach is likely to be 10 to 100 times more acidic than the human stomach,\u201d said Kamilah Lewis, senior director of marketing and communications of the company, in a press release.&nbsp;\u201cWe developed specifically for dogs as an alternative for consumers using human probiotics or canine probiotics that haven&#8217;t been effective. Each strain of bacteria was reviewed for its ability to tolerate stomach acid, low p<sup>H<\/sup>, and bile acids to make sure it travels through the dog\u2019s GI tract and adheres to the intestinal wall.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\">The Future of Animal Probiotics<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>High probiotic demand from cattle farmers and the companion animal sectors are expected to boost the adoption of advanced probiotic technologies, according to Grand View Research. Top players are investing hefty amounts in research and development to discover entirely novel products and applications. Nano encapsulated probiotics are expected to create numerous opportunities for the industry in near future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apart from being gut flora stabilizers, probiotics are expected to be utilized for more applications in animals, including for increased immunity and reduced stress levels. Probiotics will also continue to be used to improve the quality of eggs and meat and can reduce salmonella. And, overall, the microorganisms used in probiotics are approved for animal nutrition and do not constitute a major hazard for animal health. They do not affect the metabolic processes of animals as they are not transferred from the intestines to other body parts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\">NSP Enzymes &amp; Phytase Enzymes<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>The poultry feed contains Starch, proteins, fat and fibres. In these, the main components present in the feed made of cereals are <strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">cellulose, 1-3,1-4-\u00df-glucans<\/span><\/em><\/strong> and <strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">pentosanes <\/span><\/em><\/strong>of the arabinoxylan type. Because of the ability of the NSP enzymes which hydrolyze the components of cereals, a class of feed additives containing the NSP enzymes is mixed in the feed. These enzymes help the bird to hydrolyze the feed. About 0.00% to 9% increase in feed utilization in birds has been observed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From the day formers started using the feed enzymes mixture it has been observed that the growth of the bird has increased even more. In general soya bean meal and cornmeal are used for feeding Birds. As these are available at a very low cost, in Soya bean meal the level of non-starch polysaccharides is 29%. The exogenous enzymes with SBM and CM are effectively high in ducks when compared with chicken. It is also found that individual enzymes are showing good results than the cocktail of enzymes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\">NSP Enzymes<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Exogenous enzymes can hydrolyze the non-starch polysaccharides abundantly found in the feed given to birds. These carbohydrates cannot be digested by birds as they cannot produce enzymes, because of this reason the farmers have practised using the exogenous enzymes mixture, in other words, the cocktail of enzymes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This cocktail contains enzymes like <em><strong><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Xylanase, Amylase, and Protease<\/span><\/strong><\/em>. These enzymes are produced using microbial sources. The microbial sources used here are selected in such a way that they not only produce the enzyme but also, they act as Probiotics for birds. Care should be taken when the microbial source is selected are.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">The strain should be ecofriendly and should not be a parasite<\/span><\/em><\/li><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">It should be suitable for the production of the Industrial scale<\/span><\/em><\/li><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">It should grow with minimal nutrition<\/span><\/em><\/li><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Should produce higher amounts of enzyme<\/span><\/em><\/li><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">The organisms used mainly for the production of enzymes are the fungal source<\/span><\/em><\/li><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Aspergillus spp (A. Niger)<\/span><\/em><\/li><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Penicillium spp<\/span><\/em><\/li><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Humicola spp. (H. insolens)<\/span><\/em><\/li><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Trichoderma spp<\/span><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These are the largest group of enzyme-producing fungi. These organisms have a common thing among them that is they can produce enzymes that can break down various substances. Among them, the breakdown of the plant cell walls components mainly polysaccharides. The Bacterial source:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Bacillus spp. (\u03b1-Amylase, proteases)<\/span><\/em><\/li><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">B. licheniformis and B. subtilis<\/span><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These are the largest group of bacteria used for the production of multiple enzymes and are also used as probiotics for birds.<\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_653743-26\">#kt-layout-id_653743-26 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:14px;padding-bottom:7px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignnone\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_653743-26\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-layout-id_653743-26\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-3-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-top kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\"><style id=\"kt-blocks_583ff6-fc\">.kt-row-layout-inner > .kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column_583ff6-fc > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;border-top-width:3px;border-right-width:3px;border-bottom-width:3px;border-left-width:3px;border-top-left-radius:32px;border-top-right-radius:32px;border-bottom-right-radius:32px;border-bottom-left-radius:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_583ff6-fc\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h5 class=\"has-theme-palette-3-color has-text-color wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Characteristics of Dietary Enzymes:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The enzyme should withstand at the temperature of 40\u00b0C<\/li><li>Should resist low p<sup>H<\/sup><\/li><li>Specific degradation site in the molecule<\/li><li>Water content<\/li><li>Presence of aerators \/ Inhibitors<\/li><li>Substrate concentrations<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-2 kadence-column_d96578-55\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\"><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Enzymes and their Actions:&nbsp;<\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" style=\"font-size:-1px\"><li>\u03b1-amylase: Endo-hydrolysis of \u03b1-1, 4-glucosidic linkages<\/li><li>\u03b2- glucanase: Degrades \u03b2-glucan by cleaving \u03b2-1, 3(4) glucosidic linkages<\/li><li>Pectinase: Degrades pectin \u03b1-1, 4-linked anhydrogalacuronic acid<\/li><li>Xylanase: Hydrolysis of 1, 4-Beta-D-xylosidic linkages hemicellulose<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-3 kadence-column_4c7c90-64\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h5 class=\"has-theme-palette-3-color has-text-color wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:17px\">Characteristics of Enzymes used in Animal Feed:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Must act under acidic p<sup>H<\/sup> condition of the stomach<\/li><li>Resist low p<sup>H<\/sup><\/li><li>Resist pepsin proteolytic action<\/li><li>It should act in the digestive tract<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Role of Poultry Enzymes:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Poultry do not produce the enzyme for the hydrolyses of these non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) present in the cell wall of the grains<\/li><li>The addition of exogenous enzymes specific for a given feed formulation will enhance the availability of feed components to the birds.<\/li><li>Increase the energy by hydrolyzing the fibrous contents present in the feed.<\/li><li>These exogenous enzymes act as endogenous enzyme supplements in conditions like more stress and at the early aged birds<\/li><li>Calcium and phosphorus precipitations are prevented and absorption of them is promoted by these enzymes<\/li><li>These exogenous enzymes will complement endogenous enzymes in few conditions at the early age of the birds.<\/li><li>The production of endogenous enzymes may be limiting in conditions like age, health, climatic conditions etc. at times these exogenous enzymes help digestion in birds.<\/li><li>Exogenous enzymes help the bird digest the NSP of the cell wall.<\/li><li>As the NSP components of the cell wall break, the other useful components which are entrapped are also available to the birds<\/li><li>The viscosity of the bird dropping decreases<\/li><li>The intake of feed and its utilization increases, the intestinal flora is maintained properly<\/li><li>There will be no Loss of endogenous proteins<\/li><li>The starch in the cereals get unmasked as the cell wall breaks and the high amount of energy is produced to bird<\/li><li>The proteins are also utilized up to the maximum extent and the maximum absorption of minerals and maximum utilization of feed nutrients is observed<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\">Phytase Enzymes<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Phytase is a digestive enzyme that releases plant phosphorus from Phytic acid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5\">Monogastric animals lack sufficient Phytase to release phosphorus. Adding extra Phytase to the diet increases phytate breakdown and consequent utilization of plant phosphorus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If more phosphorus is available naturally, then less of this substance has to be added to the diet. This greatly reduces feed costs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5\">If phosphorus in the diet is utilized more efficiently, then less of this substance is excreted. This reduces the impact of livestock production on the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5\">These Phytase deliver exceptional phosphorus release in combination with outstanding reliability and consistency. They enable improved performance and greater business sustainability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5\">Phosphorus is an essential nutrient in livestock diets. It affects growth, reproduction and feed use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5\">Much of the naturally occurring phosphorus in feed ingredients is unavailable to animals. With most plant phosphorus being excreted undigested, inorganic phosphate has to be added to diets to compensate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5\">Increasing Phytic acid degradation and the availability of plant phosphorus can have major benefits for poultry and swine producers, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Lower levels of inorganic phosphorus in diets<\/li><li>Reduced feed costs<\/li><li>Better sustainability of animal production<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:19px\"><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">How does Animal affect the environment?<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Livestock<\/span><\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;farming has a vast&nbsp;<strong><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">environmental<\/span><\/strong>&nbsp;footprint. It contributes to land and water degradation, biodiversity loss, acid rain, coral reef degeneration and deforestation. Nowhere is this&nbsp;<strong>impact<\/strong>&nbsp;more apparent than climate change \u2013<span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">&nbsp;<strong>livestock<\/strong><\/span>&nbsp;farming contributes 18% of human-produced greenhouse gas emissions worldwide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:19px\">Why is phosphorus bad for the environment?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Too much&nbsp;<strong><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">phosphorus<\/span><\/strong>&nbsp;can cause increased growth of algae and large aquatic plants, which can result in decreased levels of dissolved oxygen\u2013 a process called eutrophication. High levels of&nbsp;<strong><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">phosphorus<\/span><\/strong>&nbsp;can also lead to algae blooms that produce algal toxins which can be&nbsp;<strong><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">harmful to<\/span><\/strong>&nbsp;human and animal health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:19px\">What are the environmental impacts of phosphorus in wastewater?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Too much nitrogen and&nbsp;<span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><strong>phosphorus<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/span>in the water causes algae to grow faster than ecosystems can handle. Significant increases in algae harm water quality, food resources and habitats, and decrease the oxygen that fish and other aquatic life need to survive.<\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_50357c-14\">#kt-layout-id_50357c-14 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-left:50px;padding-right:50px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignnone\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_50357c-14\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-layout-id_50357c-14\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-top kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_735599-10\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/422442.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/422442.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5810\" width=\"331\" height=\"339\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/422442.png 522w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/422442-293x300.png 293w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em><strong><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">The hexavalent phytate anion.&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-2 kadence-column_2a3d69-b2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/424242.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/424242.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5811\" width=\"329\" height=\"335\"\/><\/a><figcaption><em><strong><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">The structural formula of phytic acid<br><\/span><\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_625b0c-84\">#kt-layout-id_625b0c-84{background-image:url('https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/kt_01_background_image.jpg');background-size:auto;background-position:50% 52%;background-attachment:fixed;background-repeat:no-repeat;}#kt-layout-id_625b0c-84 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:277px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;max-width:1170px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){#kt-layout-id_625b0c-84 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignfull\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_625b0c-84\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-row-has-bg kt-layout-id_625b0c-84\"><div class=\"kt-row-layout-top-sep kt-row-sep-type-mtns\"><svg style=\"fill:#ffffff\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\"><path d=\"M1000,50l-182.69,-45.286l-292.031,61.197l-190.875,-41.075l-143.748,28.794l-190.656,-23.63l0,70l1000,0l0,-50Z\" style=\"opacity:0.4\"><\/path><path d=\"M1000,57l-152.781,-22.589l-214.383,19.81l-159.318,-21.471l-177.44,25.875l-192.722,5.627l-103.356,-27.275l0,63.023l1000,0l0,-43Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-3-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-bottom kt-row-layout-right-half kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_8c09c8-db\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-2 kadence-column_371bf3-84\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-3 kadence-column_f991ff-ef\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style id=\"kt-blocks_e8d0d9-47\">#kt-layout-id_e8d0d9-47 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-left:25px;padding-right:25px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignnone\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_e8d0d9-47\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-row-has-bg kt-layout-id_e8d0d9-47 has-theme-palette-7-background-color\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-middle kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_66e646-23\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style id=\"kt-blocks_92c7f6-00\">#kt-adv-heading_92c7f6-00, #kt-adv-heading_92c7f6-00 .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_92c7f6-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_92c7f6-00\"], .kadence-advanced-heading-wrapper .kt-adv-heading_92c7f6-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_92c7f6-00\"]{text-align:center;font-size:20px;line-height:60px;color:#444;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;}#kt-adv-heading_92c7f6-00 mark, #kt-adv-heading_92c7f6-00 .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading mark, .kt-adv-heading_92c7f6-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_92c7f6-00\"] mark{padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}<\/style>\n<h5 class=\"kt-adv-heading_92c7f6-00 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_92c7f6-00\">Overview of Commercial Phytase, by Organism, Phytase Class, and Producing Company<\/h5>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\"><table><thead><tr><td><em><strong><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Donor Organism<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><em><strong><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Production Organism (host)<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em><strong><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Phytase Class<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/td><td><em><strong><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Company<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Aspergillus ficuum<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Aspergillus niger<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3-phytase<\/td><td>BASF<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aspergillus niger<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Trichoderma reesei<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3-phytase<\/td><td>AB Vista<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Penicillium funiculosum<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Penicillium funiculosum<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3-phytase<\/td><td>Adisseo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Peniophora lycii<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Aspergillus oryzae<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6-phytase<\/td><td>Novozymes\/ DSM<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Escherichia coli<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Schizosaccharomyces pombe<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6-phytase<\/td><td>DuPont<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Escherichia coli<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Pichia pastoris<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6-phytase<\/td><td>AB Vista<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Escherichia coli<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Trichoderma reesei<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6-phytase<\/td><td>AB Vista<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Citrobacter braakii<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Aspergillus oryzae<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6-phytase<\/td><td>Novozymes\/ DSM<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Buttiauxella sp.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Trichoderma reesei<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6-phytase<\/td><td>DuPont<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption> Overview of Commercial Phytase, by Organism, Phytase Class, and Producing Company <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/777.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/777.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5814\" width=\"750\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/777.jpg 490w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/777-300x121.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Schematic representation of phytate hydrolysis in the catalytic reaction.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\">Optimum pH and temperature values of Phytase from various producers<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\"><table><thead><tr><td>Microorganism<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Optimum Temperature (\u00b0C)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Optimum pH<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">References<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Aerobacter aerogenes<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">27<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6.8<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Greaves et&nbsp;al. (1967)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Arxula adeninivorans<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">28<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">5.5<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Sano et&nbsp;al. (1999)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aspergillus carneus<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6.0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Ghareib (1990)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A. ficuum&nbsp;phytase A<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">58<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2.5<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Ullah and Sethumadhavan (1998)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A. ficuum&nbsp;phytase B<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">63<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2.5 and 5.0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Ullah and Sethumadhavan (1998)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A. niger&nbsp;NRLL 3135<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">27<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">5.0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Shieh and Ware (1968)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>B. amyloliquefaciens<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">70<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">7.5<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Boukhris et&nbsp;al. (2015)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bacillus&nbsp;sp. DS 11<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">37<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6.5<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Kim et&nbsp;al. (1998)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Enterobacter&nbsp;sp. 4<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">39<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">5.5<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Yoon et&nbsp;al. (1996)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E. coli<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">37<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">7.5<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Greiner et&nbsp;al. (1993)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>L. amylovorus<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">37<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6.0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Sreeramulu et&nbsp;al. (1996)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>L. plantarum<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6.0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Saribuga et&nbsp;al. (2014)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>L. edodes<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">37<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">5.0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Zhang et&nbsp;al. (2013)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pichia rhodanensis<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">28<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6.0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Nakamura et&nbsp;al. (2000)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R. oligosporus<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">25<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">5.5<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Howson and Davis (1983)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rothia mucilaginosa<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">50<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">5.0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Yu et&nbsp;al. (2015)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Schwanniomycess occidentalis<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6.5<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Segueilha et&nbsp;al. (1992)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption> Optimum pH and temperature values of Phytase from various producers. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">What are Mycotoxins?<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolite compounds produced by mold or fungi. Mold can infect cannabis flowers as well as crops that go into the production of edibles and other cannabis products. Under the right conditions, mold can grow before plant harvest, during storage, or even directly on food items. Improper storage conditions create the perfect warm and humid environment for mold to flourish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As mold grows and replicates, it naturally produces mycotoxins as metabolic byproducts. Unfortunately, many mycotoxins are relatively stable. This means they can remain chemically intact and toxic even after the harsh treatment of food processing.<\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_9cf008-f9\">.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery ul.kb-gallery-id-_9cf008-f9 {margin: -32px;}.kb-gallery-id-_9cf008-f9 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item {padding:32px;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_9cf008-f9 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init {margin: 0 -32px;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_9cf008-f9 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .kb-slide-item, .kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel.kb-gallery-id-_9cf008-f9 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .kb-slide-item, .kb-gallery-type-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init:not(.slick-initialized) .kb-slide-item {padding: 4px 32px;}.kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel.kb-gallery-id-_9cf008-f9 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init.kb-carousel-mode-align-left .kb-slide-item {padding: 4px 64px 4px 0;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_9cf008-f9 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .slick-prev {left:32px;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_9cf008-f9 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .slick-next {right:32px;}.kb-gallery-id-_9cf008-f9.kb-gallery-ul.kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel .kt-blocks-carousel figure .kb-gal-image-radius, .kb-gallery-id-_9cf008-f9.kb-gallery-ul.kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel .kt-blocks-carousel figure .kb-gal-image-radius img {height:331px;}.kb-gallery-id-_9cf008-f9 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kb-gal-image-radius {border-radius: 11px 11px 11px 11px;}.kb-gallery-id-_9cf008-f9 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kb-gal-image-radius {box-shadow:4px 6px 28px -6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);}.kb-gallery-id-_9cf008-f9 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item:hover .kb-gal-image-radius {box-shadow:4px 2px 14px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery kb-gallery-wrap-id-_9cf008-f9\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel kb-gallery-id-_9cf008-f9 kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-fluid-carousel kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"450\" data-slider-type=\"fluidcarousel\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"true\" data-slider-speed=\"2110\"><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dssdds.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dssdds.jpg\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dssdds.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dssdds.jpg\" data-id=\"5817\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/dssdds\/\" class=\"wp-image-5817 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dssdds.jpg 360w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dssdds-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Mycotoxin deactivators &amp; Acidifiers<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sdds.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sdds.jpg\" width=\"362\" height=\"251\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sdds.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sdds.jpg\" data-id=\"5818\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/sdds\/\" class=\"wp-image-5818 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sdds.jpg 362w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sdds-300x208.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 362px) 100vw, 362px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Mycotoxin deactivators &amp; Acidifiers<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dssdsd.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dssdsd.jpg\" width=\"316\" height=\"475\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dssdsd.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dssdsd.jpg\" data-id=\"5819\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/dssdsd\/\" class=\"wp-image-5819 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dssdsd.jpg 316w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dssdsd-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Mycotoxin deactivators &amp; Acidifiers<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Feed Ingradiants in Bad &amp; Good Condition <\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_ca3d16-0f\">@media all and (min-width: 768px){#kt-layout-id_ca3d16-0f > .kt-row-column-wrap > .inner-column-1{flex:0 1 70%;-webkit-flex:0 1 70%;}#kt-layout-id_ca3d16-0f > .kt-row-column-wrap > .inner-column-2{flex:0 1 30%;-webkit-flex:0 1 30%;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignnone\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_ca3d16-0f\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-layout-id_ca3d16-0f\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-top kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row  kt-custom-first-width-70  kt-custom-second-width-30\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_4e1163-76\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h5 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"> <span style=\"color:#fd070b\" class=\"tadv-color\">Bad Condition<\/span> <\/h5>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_45884b-1e\">#kt-layout-id_45884b-1e > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:0px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignnone\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_45884b-1e\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-layout-id_45884b-1e\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-top kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_a6e2b9-74\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/hfdhdf.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5821\" width=\"438\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/hfdhdf.jpg 512w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/hfdhdf-300x188.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 438px) 100vw, 438px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-2 kadence-column_ef9b70-5e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/hdfhdf.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5820\" width=\"366\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/hdfhdf.jpg 477w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/hdfhdf-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-2 kadence-column_9a356e-b9\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h5 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color:#00ff26\" class=\"tadv-color\">Good Condition<\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/hfdhfd.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5822\" width=\"396\" height=\"283\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/hfdhfd.jpg 627w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/hfdhfd-300x215.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 396px) 100vw, 396px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Examples<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Aflatoxins are a family of compounds and represent one of the most noxious classes of mycotoxins. They\u2019re produced by molds like <span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><em><strong>Aspergillus<\/strong><\/em><\/span> that grow in soil and on grains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ochratoxin A, another mycotoxin, is produced by multiple species of <strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Aspergillus <\/span><\/em><\/strong>and <em><strong><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Penicillin<\/span><\/strong><\/em>. This is one of the most common food-contaminating mycotoxins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" id=\"mce_1_start\" data-mce-style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\" style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\"><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Safety Risks<\/span><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" id=\"mce_1_end\" data-mce-style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\" style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\"><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Mycotoxins are known to be severely toxic to humans, especially when exposure is chronic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>High levels of aflatoxin exposure, though very rare, can lead to an acute, fatal reaction. However, chronic exposure to low doses of aflatoxins causes damage to the liver and suppresses the immune system. Aflatoxins are carcinogenic and prolonged exposure can lead to an increased risk for liver cancer. Ochratoxin A can cause kidney damage and compromise the immune system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These risks may be more pronounced in medical cannabis consumers who have pre-existing liver or kidney damage or are undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Conclusion<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Mycotoxins are a common plant and food contaminant that present unique health and safety challenges. But with high-quality cannabis testing, you can ensure that your products meet state regulations and are ready for your customers to safely consume.<\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_d884e2-25\">.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery ul.kb-gallery-id-_d884e2-25 {margin: -10px;}.kb-gallery-id-_d884e2-25 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item {padding:10px;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_d884e2-25 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init {margin: 0 -10px;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_d884e2-25 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .kb-slide-item, .kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel.kb-gallery-id-_d884e2-25 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .kb-slide-item, .kb-gallery-type-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init:not(.slick-initialized) .kb-slide-item {padding: 4px 10px;}.kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel.kb-gallery-id-_d884e2-25 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init.kb-carousel-mode-align-left .kb-slide-item {padding: 4px 20px 4px 0;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_d884e2-25 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .slick-prev {left:10px;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_d884e2-25 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .slick-next {right:10px;}.kb-gallery-id-_d884e2-25.kb-gallery-ul.kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel .kt-blocks-carousel figure .kb-gal-image-radius, .kb-gallery-id-_d884e2-25.kb-gallery-ul.kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel .kt-blocks-carousel figure .kb-gal-image-radius img {height:395px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery kb-gallery-wrap-id-_d884e2-25\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel kb-gallery-id-_d884e2-25 kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-fluid-carousel kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"450\" data-slider-type=\"fluidcarousel\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"true\" data-slider-speed=\"2000\"><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-hide-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dd.png\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dd.png\" width=\"664\" height=\"374\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dd.png\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dd.png\" data-id=\"5828\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/dd\/\" class=\"wp-image-5828 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dd.png 664w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dd-300x169.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 664px) 100vw, 664px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-hide-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/cc.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/cc.jpg\" width=\"512\" height=\"276\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/cc.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/cc.jpg\" data-id=\"5827\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/cc\/\" class=\"wp-image-5827 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/cc.jpg 512w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/cc-300x162.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-hide-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/bb.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/bb.jpg\" width=\"550\" height=\"277\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/bb.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/bb.jpg\" data-id=\"5826\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/bb\/\" class=\"wp-image-5826 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/bb.jpg 550w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/bb-300x151.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-hide-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/aa.png\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/aa.png\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/aa.png\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/aa.png\" data-id=\"5825\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/aa\/\" class=\"wp-image-5825 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/aa.png 696w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/aa-300x169.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mycotoxin effect<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignnone\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_1e898c-1c\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-layout-id_1e898c-1c\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-3-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-top kt-row-layout-left-half kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_675cd4-e4\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dddd.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5829\" width=\"698\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dddd.png 579w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dddd-300x128.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 698px) 100vw, 698px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-2 kadence-column_390504-3d\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ffff.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5830\" width=\"300\" height=\"215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ffff.png 517w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ffff-300x216.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Aflatoxin B1<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-3 kadence-column_4901e1-3b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/fffff.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5831\" width=\"303\" height=\"219\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Aflatoxin B2<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignnone\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_c3e769-24\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-layout-id_c3e769-24\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-top kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_d74db1-3a\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/grgf.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5832\" width=\"651\" height=\"521\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/grgf.png 636w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/grgf-300x241.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 651px) 100vw, 651px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_b9a29d-50\">.kt-row-layout-inner > .kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column_b9a29d-50 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:77px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-2 kadence-column_b9a29d-50\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style id=\"kt-blocks_e413c3-a2\">.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery ul.kb-gallery-id-_e413c3-a2 {margin: -8px;}.kb-gallery-id-_e413c3-a2 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item {padding:8px;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_e413c3-a2 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init {margin: 0 -8px;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_e413c3-a2 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .kb-slide-item, .kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel.kb-gallery-id-_e413c3-a2 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .kb-slide-item, .kb-gallery-type-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init:not(.slick-initialized) .kb-slide-item {padding: 4px 8px;}.kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel.kb-gallery-id-_e413c3-a2 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init.kb-carousel-mode-align-left .kb-slide-item {padding: 4px 16px 4px 0;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_e413c3-a2 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .slick-prev {left:8px;}.kb-gallery-type-carousel.kb-gallery-id-_e413c3-a2 .kt-blocks-carousel .kt-blocks-carousel-init .slick-next {right:8px;}.kb-gallery-id-_e413c3-a2.kb-gallery-ul.kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel .kt-blocks-carousel figure .kb-gal-image-radius, .kb-gallery-id-_e413c3-a2.kb-gallery-ul.kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel .kt-blocks-carousel figure .kb-gal-image-radius img {height:289px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery kb-gallery-wrap-id-_e413c3-a2\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-type-fluidcarousel kb-gallery-id-_e413c3-a2 kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-fluid-carousel kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-type=\"fluidcarousel\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"false\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\"><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sdsdds.png\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sdsdds.png\" width=\"459\" height=\"301\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sdsdds.png\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sdsdds.png\" data-id=\"5835\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/sdsdds\/\" class=\"wp-image-5835 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sdsdds.png 459w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sdsdds-300x197.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 459px) 100vw, 459px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sddssdds.png\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sddssdds.png\" width=\"500\" height=\"280\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sddssdds.png\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sddssdds.png\" data-id=\"5834\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/sddssdds\/\" class=\"wp-image-5834 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sddssdds.png 500w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/sddssdds-300x168.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dsdsdsdsd.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dsdsdsdsd.jpg\" width=\"419\" height=\"307\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dsdsdsdsd.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dsdsdsdsd.jpg\" data-id=\"5833\" data-link=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/index.php\/animal-healthcare-hygiene-disinfection-chemicals\/dsdsdsdsd\/\" class=\"wp-image-5833 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dsdsdsdsd.jpg 419w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dsdsdsdsd-300x220.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 419px) 100vw, 419px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_8c243a-ca\">#kt-layout-id_8c243a-ca{background-image:url('https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/kt_11_background_image.jpg');background-size:cover;background-position:center center;background-attachment:scroll;background-repeat:no-repeat;}#kt-layout-id_8c243a-ca > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:200px;padding-bottom:200px;min-height:560px;max-width:2000px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}#kt-layout-id_8c243a-ca > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.80;background-image:linear-gradient(14deg, #e27324 20%, #00B5E2 74%);mix-blend-mode:color;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignfull\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_8c243a-ca\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-row-has-bg kt-layout-id_8c243a-ca\"><div class=\"kt-row-layout-overlay kt-row-overlay-gradient\"><\/div><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-gutter-default kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-middle kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_6fdec0-c8\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style id=\"kt-blocks_81f8ff-46\">#kt-adv-heading_81f8ff-46, #kt-adv-heading_81f8ff-46 .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_81f8ff-46[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_81f8ff-46\"], .kadence-advanced-heading-wrapper .kt-adv-heading_81f8ff-46[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_81f8ff-46\"]{text-align:center;font-size:75px;line-height:61px;color:#fff;margin-bottom:10px;}#kt-adv-heading_81f8ff-46 mark, #kt-adv-heading_81f8ff-46 .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading mark, .kt-adv-heading_81f8ff-46[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_81f8ff-46\"] mark{padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){#kt-adv-heading_81f8ff-46, #kt-adv-heading_81f8ff-46 .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_81f8ff-46[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_81f8ff-46\"], .kadence-advanced-heading-wrapper .kt-adv-heading_81f8ff-46[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_81f8ff-46\"]{font-size:19px;}}<\/style>\n<h1 class=\"kt-adv-heading_81f8ff-46 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_81f8ff-46\"><strong>Organic Trace Minerals<\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are organic trace minerals?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Organic trace minerals<\/span><\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;consist of these same metals being chelated, complexed or covalently bonded to amino acids, analogues of amino acids, proteins or&nbsp;<strong><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\"><em>organic<\/em><\/span><\/strong>&nbsp;acids in such a way that they tend to be more bioavailable in the intestine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dasdas.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5837\" width=\"518\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dasdas.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dasdas-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/purahubbd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dasdas-768x384.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 518px) 100vw, 518px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" id=\"mce_1_start\" data-mce-style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\" style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\">What are the 9 trace minerals?<span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" id=\"mce_1_end\" data-mce-style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\" style=\"overflow:hidden;line-height:0px\"><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5\">Nine trace minerals (microminerals) are required by people in minute amounts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Chromium.<\/span><\/em><\/li><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Copper.<\/span><\/em><\/li><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Fluorine.<\/span><\/em><\/li><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Iodine.<\/span><\/em><\/li><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Iron.<\/span><\/em><\/li><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Manganese.<\/span><\/em><\/li><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Molybdenum.<\/span><\/em><\/li><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Selenium.<\/span><\/em><\/li><li><em><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Zinc<\/span><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\">The Difference between Inorganic and Organic<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Although the amount needed is measured in milligrams \u2014 one-thousandth of a gram or 0.00003527396 of an ounce \u2014 essential trace minerals are necessary to sustain life, fight disease and promote growth, development and healthy reproduction in livestock.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trace minerals are an important part of raising healthy animals, and all living things need trace minerals to survive. To thrive in today\u2019s modern animal production system, trace minerals must be added to an animal\u2019s feed in such a way that the animal can take full advantage of the nutritional and health benefits they bring. Healthy animals contribute to a profitable and sustainable operation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Comparing Inorganic and Organic Trace Minerals<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Trace minerals come in three varieties: inorganic, organic and performance. These three mineral types vary at the most basic molecular level, and only one category provides consistent animal performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\"><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Inorganic Trace Minerals for Animals<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The most basic and inexpensive trace minerals. Inorganic trace minerals are bonded to an inorganic molecule (one that doesn\u2019t contain carbon) such as sulfate or oxide, making them relatively easy to produce and inexpensive to administer. Inorganic trace minerals are useful, but they can only do so much for your animal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\"><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Organic Trace Minerals for Animals<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Any trace mineral that is linked to a carbon-containing molecule is, by definition, organic, and organic trace minerals are more easily absorbed than inorganic. However, how well a trace mineral performs depends first on how strong and stable the link is to its carbon-containing molecule and secondly on how vital that molecule is to animal wellness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Inorganic vs. Organic Trace Minerals<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Inorganic and organic trace minerals are structurally different. Put simply, organic trace minerals are those whose metal is chemically bonded to a molecule-containing carbon. Inorganic minerals are relatively easy to produce, inexpensive to administer and are fed as a baseline portion of an animal\u2019s diet. But an animal can\u2019t optimally function on inorganics alone, because the number of inorganic minerals and animals can absorb is limited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color:#20125d\" class=\"tadv-color\">Trace Minerals Affect How Efficiently Animals use Vitamins<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Trace minerals also play a role in the retention and stability of fat-soluble vitamins A (known as retinol), E and D<sub>3<\/sub>. All three play a critical role in animal immune systems.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If fat-soluble vitamins are reduced in diets due to shortages or price spikes, using inorganic trace minerals will make the problem worse by degrading vitamin activity during storage, according to a University of Minnesota study (Shurson et al., 2011).<\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"kt-blocks_7c9fa1-c6\">#kt-layout-id_7c9fa1-c6 > .kt-row-column-wrap.kb-theme-content-width{max-width:1470px;}.kt-layout-id_7c9fa1-c6 > .kb-theme-content-width{padding-left:var(--global-sm-spacing);padding-right:var(--global-sm-spacing);}#kt-layout-id_7c9fa1-c6 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:80px;padding-bottom:80px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-rowlayout alignnone\"><div id=\"kt-layout-id_7c9fa1-c6\" class=\"kt-row-layout-inner kt-layout-id_7c9fa1-c6\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-gutter-wider kt-v-gutter-default kt-row-valign-middle kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-m-colapse-left-to-right kt-mobile-layout-row kb-theme-content-width\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-1 kadence-column_f84f17-01\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style id=\"kt-blocks_12ad74-a1\">#kt-adv-heading_12ad74-a1, #kt-adv-heading_12ad74-a1 .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_12ad74-a1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_12ad74-a1\"], .kadence-advanced-heading-wrapper .kt-adv-heading_12ad74-a1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_12ad74-a1\"]{font-size:3em;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){#kt-adv-heading_12ad74-a1, #kt-adv-heading_12ad74-a1 .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_12ad74-a1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_12ad74-a1\"], .kadence-advanced-heading-wrapper .kt-adv-heading_12ad74-a1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_12ad74-a1\"]{font-size:1.3em;}}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading_12ad74-a1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_12ad74-a1\">Contact Us<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">Have questions or need help? Use the form to reach out and we will be in touch with you as quickly as possible.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column inner-column-2 kadence-column_210627-3b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style id=\"kt-blocks_e230c1-12\">.wp-block-kadence-form.kadence-form-_e230c1-12.kb-form-wrap {}@media (max-width: 1024px) {.wp-block-kadence-form.kadence-form-_e230c1-12.kb-form-wrap {}}@media (max-width: 767px) {.wp-block-kadence-form.kadence-form-_e230c1-12.kb-form-wrap {}}.kadence-form-_e230c1-12 .kb-form .kadence-blocks-form-field .kb-text-style-field, .kadence-form-_e230c1-12 .kb-form .kadence-blocks-form-field .kb-select-style-field {border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kadence-form-_e230c1-12 .kb-form .kadence-blocks-form-field .kb-text-style-field:focus, .kadence-form-_e230c1-12 .kb-form .kadence-blocks-form-field .kb-select-style-field:focus {border-color:var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);background:var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}.kadence-form-_e230c1-12 .kb-form .kadence-blocks-form-field .kb-text-style-field {padding-top:12px;padding-right:18px;padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:18px;}.kadence-form-_e230c1-12 .kb-form .kadence-blocks-form-field > label {}.kadence-form-_e230c1-12 .kb-form .kadence-blocks-form-field .kb-forms-submit {border-radius:5px;background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kadence-form-_e230c1-12 .kb-form .kadence-blocks-form-field .kb-forms-submit:hover, .kadence-form-_e230c1-12 .kb-form .kadence-blocks-form-field .kb-forms-submit:focus  {background:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kadence-form-_e230c1-12 .kb-form .kadence-blocks-form-field .kb-forms-submit {}.kadence-form-_e230c1-12 .kadence-blocks-form-message, .kadence-form-_e230c1-12 .kb-form-error-msg {}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-form kadence-form-_e230c1-12 kb-form-wrap\"><form class=\"kb-form\" action=\"\" method=\"post\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-form-field kb-field-desk-width-100 kb-input-size-custom\"><input name=\"kb_field_0\" id=\"kb_field__e230c1-12_0\" data-label=\"Name\" type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Full Name\" value=\"\" data-type=\"text\" class=\"kb-field kb-text-style-field kb-text-field kb-field-0\"\/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-form-field kb-form-field-1 kb-field-desk-width-100 kb-input-size-custom\"><input name=\"kb_field_1\" id=\"kb_field__e230c1-12_1\" data-label=\"Email\" type=\"email\" placeholder=\"Email\" value=\"\" data-type=\"email\" class=\"kb-field kb-text-style-field kb-email-field kb-field-1\" data-required=\"yes\"\/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-form-field kb-form-field-2 kb-field-desk-width-100 kb-input-size-custom\"><textarea name=\"kb_field_2\" id=\"kb_field__e230c1-12_2\" data-label=\"Message\" type=\"textarea\" placeholder=\"Message\" data-type=\"textarea\" class=\"kb-field kb-text-style-field kb-textarea-field kb-field-2\" rows=\"4\" data-required=\"yes\"><\/textarea><\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_kb_form_id\" value=\"_e230c1-12\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_kb_form_post_id\" value=\"5669\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"action\" value=\"kb_process_ajax_submit\"\/><input class=\"kadence-blocks-field verify\" type=\"text\" name=\"_kb_verify_email\" autocomplete=\"off\" aria-hidden=\"true\" placeholder=\"Email\" tabindex=\"-1\"\/><div class=\"kadence-blocks-form-field kb-submit-field kb-field-desk-width-100\"><button class=\"kb-forms-submit button kb-button-size-large kb-button-width-auto\">Send Message<\/button><\/div><\/form><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is animal hygiene? Animal Hygiene is the branch of veterinary science, which relies on knowledge of physiological and ethological demands of animals, describes the preconditions of health preservation and investigates the pathophysiological changes brought about by adverse environmental effects to gain information on the aetiology and pathomechanism of multifactorial diseases.&nbsp; Why is animal health&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"kt_blocks_editor_width":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"hide","_kad_post_layout":"default","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"unboxed","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"default","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5669","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Animal Healthcare Hygiene &amp; Disinfection Chemicals - PuraHub Limited<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Animal Healthcare Hygiene &amp; Disinfection Chemicals - PuraHub Limited\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is animal hygiene? 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